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Effluent -- the fluid leaving a component. Elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) -- the elastic deformation of rolling element bearings as the roller (ball) passes over the inner and outer race under load. The high load causes a dramatic increase in viscosity of the trapped oil to the point that the oil is virtually like a solid leading to the elastic flattening of the metal surfaces. Eventually, at the end of the bearings useful life, the continued elastic deformation can lead to fatigue and spalling of the metal surface. Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication -- in rolling element bearings, the elastic deformation of the bearing (flattening) as it rolls, under load, in the bearing race. This momentary flattening improves the hydrodynamic lubrication properties by converting point or line contact to surface-to-surface contact. Elastomer -- rubber or rubber like material made from either natural or synthetic materials. In oil seals, an elastomers chemical composition is a factor in determining its compatibility with a lubricant. Electrostatic separator -- a separator that removes contaminant from dielectric fluids by applying an electrical charge to the contaminant that is then attracted to a collection device of different electrical charge. Element (Cartridge) -- the porous device that performs the actual process of filtration. During full-filter testing procedures, analysis of the filter element is often essential. EMA -- Engine Manufacturers Association Emission spectrometer -- works on the basis that atoms of metallic and other particular elements emit light at characteristic wavelengths when they are excited in a flame, arc, or spark. Excited light is directed through an entrance slit in the spectrometer. This light penetrates the slit, falls on a grate, and is dispersed and reflected. The spectrometer is calibrated by a series of standard samples containing known amounts of the elements of interest. By exciting these standard samples, an analytical curve can be established which gives the relationship between the light intensity and its concentration in the fluid. Empirical -- based on experience or observation (actual test results), not on theory. Emulsibility -- the ability of a non-water-soluble fluid to form an emulsion with water. Emulsifier -- additive that promotes the formation of a stable mixture, or emulsion, of oil and water. Common emulsifiers are: metallic soaps, certain animal and vegetable oils, and various polar compounds. Emulsion -- intimate mixture of oil and water, generally of a milky or cloudy appearance. Emulsions may be of two types: oil-in water (where water is the continuous phase) and water-in-oil (where water is the discontinuous phase). End cap -- a ported or closed cover for the end of a filter element. Engine deposits -- hard or persistent accumulation of sludge, varnish and carbonaceous residues due to blow-by of unburned and partially burned fuel, or the partial breakdown of the crankcase lubricant. Water from the condensation of combustion products, carbon, residues from fuel or lubricating oil additives, dust and metal particles also contribute. Engler viscosity -- one method for determining the viscosity of petroleum products. It was widely used in Europe but had limited use in North America. The test method is similar to the Saybolt Universal viscosity. Values are reported in Engler Degrees. Entrainment -- the state of a liquid or gas that is dispersed but not dissolved in lubricating oil. Environmental contaminant -- all material and energy present in and around an operating system, such as dust, air moisture, chemicals, and thermal energy. EP (Extreme Pressure) lubricants -- lubricants that impart to rubbing surfaces the ability to carry appreciably greater loads than would be possible with ordinary lubricants without excessive wear or damage. Erosion -- the progressive removal of a machine surface by cavitation or by particle impingement at high velocities. Ester -- chemical compound formed by the reaction of an organic or inorganic acid with an alcohol. Esters have important uses in the formulation of some petroleum additives and synthetic lubricants. Ethylene -- a flammable gas (C2H4) derived from natural gas and petroleum. It is the lowest molecular weight member of the generic family of olefins. Ethylene is widely used as the building block for many synthetic base oils. Ethylene glycol -- also known as ethane-1,2-diol is an alchohol with two -OH groups (a diol), a chemical compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze. Ethylene glycol is also used as a dehydrator in the production of natural gas. In its pure form, it is an odourless, colourless, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste. Exhaust Gas Recirculation. (EGR) A system designed to reduce exhaust emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The system routes some exhaust gas back into the combustion chamber to reduce the combustion temperature and reduce the tendency of NOx to form. EGR type systems have been on automotive gasoline engines for many years, and more recently on new diesel engines. Extreme pressure (EP) additive -- lubricant additive that prevents sliding metal surfaces from seizing under conditions of extreme pressure. At the high local temperatures associated with metal-to-metal contact, an EP additive combines chemically with the metal to form a surface film that prevents the welding of opposing asperities, and the consequent scoring that is destructive to sliding surfaces under high loads. Reactive compounds of sulfur, chlorine, or phosphorus are used to form these inorganic films.
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