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Immiscible -- incapable of being mixed without separation of phases. Water and petroleum oil are immiscible under most conditions, although they can be made miscible with the addition of an emulsifier. In-line filter -- a filter assembly in which the inlet, outlet and filter element axes are in a straight line. Indicator, pressure -- an indicator that signals pressure conditions. Indicator, differential pressure -- an indicator which signals the difference in pressure between two points, typically between the upstream and downstream sides of a filter element. Influent -- the fluid entering a component. Infrared spectroscopy -- an analytical method using infrared absorption for assessing the properties of used oil and certain contaminants suspended therein. See FTIR. Infrared spectra -- a graph of infrared energy absorbed at various frequencies in the additive region of the infrared spectrum. The current sample, the reference oil and the previous samples are usually compared. Ingested contaminants -- environmental contaminant that ingresses due to the action of the system or machine. Ingression level -- particles added per unit of circulating fluid volume. Inhibitor -- any substance that slows or prevents such chemical reactions as corrosion or oxidation. Inorganic compound -- a chemical compound usually mineral that does not include hydrocarbons or their derivatives. Some simple carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide and carbon disulphide are regarded as inorganic. Insolubles -- particles of carbon or agglomerates of carbon and other material. Indicates deposition or dispersant drop-out in an engine. Not serious in a compressor or gearbox unless there has been a rapid increase in these particles. Insulating oil -- high quality oil with superior oxidation stability and dielectric strength as a coolant for transformers and other electrical equipment. Intensifier -- a device which converts low pressure fluid power into higher pressure fluid power. Interfacial tension (IFT) -- the energy per unit area present at the boundary of two immiscible liquids. It is usually expressed in dynes/cm (ASTM Designation D 971.) IP -- Institute of Petroleum Iron (Fe) -- element number 26 on the periodic table of the elements. In the context of oil analysis iron can be present as a wear metal in various sampled components and the origins can be from such sources as: gears, bearings, and shafts just to name a few. ISO -- International Organization for Standardization ISO Solid Contaminant Code (ISO 4406) -- a code assigned on the basis of the number of particles per unit volume greater than 5 and 15 micrometers in size. Range numbers identify each increment in the particle population throughout the spectrum of levels. ISO Standard 4021 -- the accepted procedure for extracting samples from dynamic fluid lines. ISO viscosity grade -- a number indicating the nominal viscosity of an industrial fluid lubricant at 40°C (104°F) as defined by ASTM Standard Viscosity System for Industrial Fluid Lubricants D 2422. Essentially identical to ISO Standard 3448. Journal -- that part of a shaft or axle that rotates or angularly oscillates in or against a bearing or about which a bearing rotates or angularly oscillates. Journal bearing -- a sliding type of bearing having either rotating or oscillatory motion and in conjunction with which a journal operates. In a full or sleeve type journal bearing, the bearing surface is 360° in extent. In a partial bearing, the bearing surface is less than 360° in extent, i.e., 150°, 120°, etc.
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