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Karl Fischer (Water) -- the standard laboratory test to measure the water content of mineral base fluids. In this method, water reacts quantitatively with the Karl Fischer reagent. This reagent is a mixture of iodine, sulfur dioxide, pyridine, and methanol. When excess iodine exists, electric current can pass between two platinum electrodes or plates. The water in the sample reacts with the iodine. When the water is no longer free to react with iodine, an excess of iodine depolarizes the electrodes, signaling the end of the test. Kinematic viscosity -- is a measure of the fluids resistance to flow under gravity. To determine the kinematic viscosity a fixed volume of the test fluid is allowed to flow through a calibrated capillary tube at a specific temperature. (i.e. 40° C & 100° C). Common units for kinematic viscosity are now reported in centistokes (cSt). The kinematic viscosity may also be determined by dividing the absolute viscosity (cP) by the density. Kinetic friction -- the friction between two surfaces in relative motion. Sometimes called sliding friction or the friction of motion. Lacquer -- a deposit resulting from the oxidation and polymerization of fuels and lubricants when exposed to high temperatures. Similar to, but harder, than varnish. Laminar particles -- particles generated in rolling element bearings which have been flattened out by a rolling contact. Lead (Pb) -- element number 82 on the periodic table of the elements. In the context of oil analysis lead can be present as a wear metal in various sampled components and the origins can be from such sources as: oil additives, gasoline, and bearings just to name a few. Lead naphthenate -- a lead soap of naphthenic acids, the latter occurring naturally in petroleum. Light obscuration -- the degree of light blockage as reflected in the transmitted light impinging on the photodiode. Liquid -- any substance that flows readily or changes in response to the smallest influence. More generally, any substance in which the force required to produce a deformation depends on the rate of deformation rather than on the magnitude of the deformation. Load-carrying capacity -- property of a lubricant to form a film on the lubricated surface, which resists rupture under given load conditions. Expressed as maximum load the lubricated system can support without failure or excessive wear. Load wear index (LWI) -- measure of the relative ability to prevent wear under applied loads calculated from data obtained from the Four Ball Test (EP Method). Lubricant -- any substance interposed between two surfaces in relative motion for the purpose of reducing the friction and/or the wear between them. Lubricity -- ability of an oil or grease to lubricate; also called film strength.
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