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Adsorption -- adhesion of the molecules of gases, liquids, or dissolved substances to a solid surface, resulting in relatively high concentration of the molecules at the place of contact; e.g. the plating out of an anti-wear additive on metal surfaces. Adsorptive filtration -- the attraction to, and retention of particles in, a filter medium by electrostatic forces, or by molecular attraction between the particles and the medium. Aeration -- the state of air being suspended in a liquid such as a lubricant or hydraulic fluid. A.G.M.A. -- American Gear Manufacturers Associations - an organization serving the gear industry. One of its activities establishes and promotes standards for gears and gear lubricants. Agglomeration -- the potential of the system for particle attraction and adhesion. Air, Compressed -- air at any pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Air Breather -- a device permitting air movement between atmosphere and the component in/on which it is installed. Alarm limits (flagging limits) -- an alarm occurs on a sample result when a predetermined level or criteria is reached. Typically flagging limits are further classified based on severity. ie. Reportable, Unacceptable, Severe Alberta Research Council (ARC) -- an accredited research facility covering a full range of petroleum product characterizations -- from LPG's and refined products to crude oil assays and bitumens. The laboratory maintains ISO accreditation through the Standards Council of Canada and is recognized by the Canadian Department of National Defence.. Alkali -- any substance having basic (as opposed to acidic) properties. In a restricted sense it is applied to the hydroxides of ammonium, lithium, potassium and sodium. Alkaline materials in lubricating oils neutralize acids to prevent acidic and corrosive wear in internal combustion engines. Aluminum -- element number 13 on the periodic table of the elements. In the context of oil analysis aluminum can be present as a wear metal in various sampled components and the origins can be from such sources as: pistons, bearings, washers, and greases just to name a few. Analytical ferrography -- A detailed analysis and evaluation of a lubricating fluid utilizing a technique that separates and arranges wear particles and debris according to size. Evaluation of the prepared Ferrogram under a microscope provides information of the wear particle types, and wear mode. Particles can be further heat or chemically treated to aid in determining the type. Analytical Ferrography requires an experienced well-trained technician. Anhydrous -- devoid of water. Aniline point -- the lowest temperature at which a specified quantity of aniline (a benzene derivative) is soluble in a specified quantity of petroleum product, as determined by test method ASTM D 611 or D 1012; hence, an empirical measure of the solvent power of a hydrocarbon - the lower the aniline point, the greater the solvency. Paraffinic hydrocarbons have higher aniline points than aromatic types. ANSI -- American National Standards Institute Anti-foam additive -- An additive found in most oils to reduce the foaming that results from aeration of the oil is service. Most common antifoam agent is silicon. Reduces the film strength of the bubble allowing it to break easily. Anti-friction bearing -- a rolling contact type bearing in which the rotating or moving member is supported or guided by means of ball or roller elements. Does not mean without friction. Antimony (Sb) -- element number 51 on the periodic table of the elements. In the context of oil analysis antimony can be present as a wear metal in various sampled components and the origins can be from such sources as: alloy steel, ceramic products, and paint just to name a few. Anti-oxidants -- prolong the induction period of a base oil in the presence of oxidizing conditions and catalyst metals at elevated temperatures. The additive is consumed and degradation products increase not only with increasing and sustained temperature, but also with increases in mechanical agitation or turbulence and contamination -- air, water, metallic particles, and dust. Antistatic additive -- an additive that increases the conductivity of a hydrocarbon fuel to hasten the dissipation of electrostatic charges during high-speed dispensing, thereby reducing the fire/explosion hazard. Antiwear additives -- an additive that minimizes the wear caused by metal-to-metal contact during conditions of mild to medium boundary lubrication. The additive reacts chemically with the metal surface forming a sacrificial protective film. Common anti-wear additives are: ZDDP Zinc-diakyldithiophosphate, TCP Tricresyl-phosphate.
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