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Component -- in the context of oil analysis a part of a unit containing its own oil system. A component would be a likely source point for sampling procedures. Some examples of components are: engines, transmissions, differentials, gear boxes, etc. Compound -- (1) chemically speaking, a distinct substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight and possessing physical and chemical properties different from those of the combining elements. (2) in petroleum processing, generally connotes fatty oils and similar materials foreign to petroleum added to lubricants to impart special properties. Compounded oil -- mixture of petroleum oil with an animal or vegetable fat or oil. Compounded oils have a strong affinity for metal surfaces and are particularly suitable for high sliding applications such as worm gears. These lubricants are also suitable for wet-steam conditions and for applications where lubricity and extra load carrying ability are needed. They are not generally recommended where long-term oxidation stability is required. Compressibility -- the change in volume of a unit volume of a fluid when subjected to a unit change of pressure. Compression ratio -- in an internal combustion engine, the ratio of the volume of combustion space at bottom dead center to that at top dead center. Compressor -- a device which converts mechanical force and motion into pneumatic fluid power. Consistency -- the degree to which a semisolid material such as grease resists deformation. (See ASTM designation D 217.) Sometimes used qualitatively to denote viscosity of liquids. Contaminant -- any foreign or unwanted substance that can have a negative effect on system operation, life or reliability. Contaminant capacity (Dirt, ACFTD) -- the weight of a specified artificial contaminant that must be added to the influent to produce a given differential pressure across a filter at specified conditions. Used as an indication of relative service life. Contaminant failure -- any loss of performance due to the presence of contamination. Two basic types of contamination failure are: Perceptible -- gradual loss of efficiency or performance, and Catastrophic -- dramatic, unexpected failure. Contaminant lock -- a particle or fiber-induced jam caused by solid contaminants. Contamination control -- a broad subject which applies to all types of material systems (including both biological and engineering). It is concerned with planning, organizing, managing, and implementing all activities required to determine, achieve and maintain a specified contamination level. Coolant -- a fluid used to remove heat. See Cutting fluid. Copper (Cu) -- element number 29 on the periodic table of the elements. In the context of oil analysis copper can be present as a wear metal in various sampled components and the origins can be from such sources as: wrist pins, bushings, thrust washers just to name a few. Copper strip corrosion -- a qualitative measure of the tendency of a petroleum product to corrode pure copper. Core -- the internal duct and filter media support. % Correlation -- the percentage of peaks in the used oil infrared spectrum which match those in the reference oil. A sudden decrease in this value usually means that the oil was mixed with a different type. Corrosion -- the decay and loss of a metal due to a chemical reaction between the metal and its environment. It is a transformation process in which the metal passes from its elemental form to a combined (or compound) form. Corrosion inhibitor -- additive for protecting lubricated metal surfaces against chemical attack by water or other contaminants. There are several types of corrosion inhibitors. Polar compounds wet the metal surface preferentially, protecting it with a film of oil. Other compounds may absorb water by incorporating it in a water-in-oil emulsion so that only the oil touches the metal surface. Another type of corrosion inhibitor combines chemically with the metal to present a non-reactive surface. Coupling, quick disconnect -- a coupling which can quickly join or separate lines. Coupling -- a straight connector for fluid lines. Cracking -- the process whereby large molecules are broken down by the application of heat and pressure to form smaller molecules. Crackle test -- detects severity of water by visual observation of bubbling and crackling of the oil when dropped on a hot plate. This test will provide an indication of the overall degree of severity of the water contamination (ie. Reportable, Unacceptable, Severe) but does not provide an accurate measurement of the water concentration (%). In addition, any significant contamination by fuel, other liquids, or dissolved or entrained gases can be mistaken for water. A crackle test is sometimes used as a screening test to trigger a more accurate analysis for water (ie. Karl Fischer Titration test). CRC -- Coordinating Research Council Crown -- the top of the piston in an internal combustion engine above the fire ring, exposed to direct flame impingement. Cryogenics -- the branch of physics relating to the production and effects of very low temperatures. Cutting fluid -- any fluid applied to a cutting tool to assist in the cutting operation by cooling, lubricating or other means. Cycle -- a single complete operation consisting of progressive phases starting and ending at the neutral position. Cylinder -- a device which converts fluid power into linear mechanical force and motion. It usually consists of a moveable element such as a piston and piston rod, plunger rod, plunger or ram, operating with in a cylindrical bore.
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